Skip to main content

OSE5203 - Geometrical Optics

Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics, Geometrical Theory of Image Formation, Optical System Layout, Radiometry. 

Description:

Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics, Geometrical Theory of Image Formation, Radiometry, Aberrations, Optical System Layout, Topics covered in the lectures will include: foundations of geometrical optics, Gaussian Optics, geometrical theory of image formation, basic optical devices and instruments, radiometry and flux transfer in imaging systems, introduction to aberration theory, image evaluation/analysis. 

Credit Hours:

  • 3 hours

Prerequisite:

  • Graduate standing or consent of instructor

Course Material:

  • P. Mouroulis and J. MacDonald, “Geometrical Optics and Optical Design” Oxford University Press 1997. (Highly Recommended)
  • Class notes

List of Topics:

  • The Foundations of Geometrical Optics
    • Waves, wave fronts, and rays
    • Propagation of wave fronts, reflection, refraction
    • Fermat’s principle
    • Irradiance and the inverse-square law
    • The basic postulates of geometrical optics
  • Elementary Ray Optics
    • Plane surfaces
    • Curved surfaces: focusing
  • Imagery by a Single Surface and a Thin Lens
    • The sign convention
    • The paraxial approximation
    • Imagery by a single surface
    • Imagery by a thin lens
    • Imagery of an extended object
    • Magnification: the angular size of an object, visual magnification, longitudinal magnification.
    • Imagery of a volume
  • Gaussian Optics
    • The paraxial height and angle variables
    • Paraxial ray tracing for systems of many surfaces
    • Principal planes
    • Thick lenses: power and location of principal planes
    • Nodal points, measurement of focal length
  • Stops and Pupils
    • Marginal and pupil rays
    • Optical invariant
    • Numerical aperture and number
    • Depth of focus and depth of field
    • Field of view
  • ABCD Matrix Transformation
    • Matrix formulation for refraction and for translation
    • The conjugate matrix
    • Object and image planes
    • Principal planes and back and front focal plans
    • System stop and entrance and exit pupils
  • Radiometry and Photometry
    • Light flux transmission through optical systems
    • Solid angle and projected area
    • Radiant flus, irradiance, radiance, Lambertian sources
    • Radiometry of imaging systems
    • Extended sources, distant sources
  • Real ray tracing
    • Meridional and skew rays
    • Ray transfer from between spherical surfaces,
    • Refraction of a general ray
  • Aberrations
    • Chromatic aberration
    • Introduction to monochromatic aberrations
    • The wave aberration function and classification of aberration
    • The Seidel aberration coefficients
    • Astigmatism and field curvature
    • Primary aberrations of a reflecting prism (plane parallel plates)
    • Primary aberrations of a spherical mirror
    • Central aberrations (stop at the lens)
    • Thin lens aberration with a remote stop
  • Gaussian Optics of Optical Instruments and Components
    • The telescope, the microscope, Projection Systems, the Eye
    • Reflecting prisms, Cylindrical and anamorphic optics, Gradient index optics

Syllabi